CO₂ Capture

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Capture

CO₂ has been captured from both natural and industrial sources for many years and used in many areas such as for soft drinks and food preservation. The challenge for wide scale application is to reduce costs and to develop technologies that can be applied to the world’s largest CO₂ sources, ranging from coal and gas-fired power stations to oil refineries, chemical plants and iron and steel production facilities.

In the second phase of its work, the CCP focused on identifying technologies with the potential to reduce the cost of capturing CO₂ by 50% for current facilities and by 75% for new-build plans from the baseline established in 2000.

Key findings from the second phase (CCP2) include:

Oxy-fuel combustion has been shown to offer the greatest potential, both technically and economically, for capturing CO₂ emitted by the largest source in oil refineries, the Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit (FCC). A demonstration in an industrial scale refinery is scheduled for 2010.

An advanced oxy-firing technology, chemical looping combustion (CLC), was found to have potential for scaling up to capture CO2 from heavy oil and tar sand processes, which are known for their high energy consumption. CLC will be scaled-up further.

The CCP2 capture technology portfolio

The CCP2 portfolio of capture technologies consisted of seven pre-combustion technologies, two oxyfiring concepts and one post-combustion technology. Table 1 lists the technologies together with the involved R&D institutions and co-funding programmes. The technologies may be grouped as follows:

Technologies with completion date in 2008. These technologies received a major part or all of the funding from CCP2.

Technologies with completion date in 2009. These technologies received funding from CCP2, the EU and the technology providers.

Table 2: List of major capture projects undertaken in CCP2

Project Name	Participating organizations	Co-Funder	Starting Date	End Date
Oxy-firing Fluidized Catalytic Cracker, FCC	Randall Gas Technologies(ABB Lummus Global, Inc.)	CCP2	Spring 2007	Q1 2009
Best Integrated Technology, BIT	GE, Nexant	Norwegian Research Council, CLIMIT PrgrammeCCP2	June 2005	Q1 2009
Chemical Looping Combustion, CLC	Chalmers University, Alstom Boilers , Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Shell, Technical University of Vienna (TUV), Tallinn University	European Union, CLCGASPOWER ProjectCCP2	January 2006	Q1 2009
Hydrogen membrane reformer, HMR	StatoilHydro	Norwegian Research Council, CLIMIT Programmeme; CCP2	June 2005	Q1 2009
Membrane Water Gas Shift, MWGS, and Membrane Reforming	Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Sintef, University of Dalian, Process Design Center (PDC), Chevron, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), BP	European Union, Cachet ProgrammemeCCP2	April 2006	Q1 2009
Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift, SEWGS	BP, Air Products (GB), ConocoPhillips, ECN, NTUA, PDC, Chevron.	European Union, Cachet ProgrammemeCCP2	April 2006	Q1 2009
Chemical Looping Reforming, CLR (two concepts)/One Step Decarbonization, OSD	Chalmers, Alstom, CSIC, TUV, NTUA, PDC, BP, IFP, Shell, EniTecnologie (now Eni - only OSD), Sintef.	European Union, Cachet ProgrammemeCCP2	April 2006	Q1 2009
HyGenSys(Steam, Methane Reformer and Gas Turbine)	IFP, Technip, Siemens, NTUA, PDC, BP, Chevron.	European Union, Cachet ProgrammemeCCP2	April 2006	Q1 2009