Publications Database
- List of storage publications
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May, 2008
The CO₂ Capture Project Phase 2 Storage Program: Progress in Geological Assurance
Dan Kieke, Scott Imbus, Chevron Energy Technology Co
Presented at the 7th Annual Conference on CO₂ Capture and Sequestration, Pittsburgh PA. Covers storage, moitoring and verificiation including certification framework, wellbore integrity field study, geochemical-geomechanical simulation, CO₂ ECBM operations and geophysical monitoring, and remote sensing.
 (3.29 Mb) Download
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June, 2007
Storing CO₂ Underground
IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme
CO₂ capture and geological storage could contribute a significant part of the solution to the global warming problem. The required technology has been used by the oil and gas industry for many years – it is proven and available today. CCS could therefore play a signifi cant role in helping to reduce CO₂ emissions over the coming decades. However, CCS is a relatively new concept and therefore not specifi cally addressed by most laws and regulations (both globally and locally). Commercial organisations will invest in CCS projects when they are legal and fi nancially viable. In order for CCS to be implemented on a widespread scale, work needs to be done soon to develop appropriate regulations and commercial frameworks for CCS.
 (2.6 Mb) Download
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December, 2006
CCP2 NGO Focus Group Meeting (North America) Storage Monitoring & Verification (SMV)
Scott Imbus, Chevron Energy Technology Co
Overview of the storage program for Phase 2 presented at the CCP2 NGO Focus Group Meeting in North America, December 2006.
(150 kb) Download |
November, 2005
CO₂ Capture Project Phase 2: Storage Monitoring and Verification Program (SMV) An Overview - NGO Meeting Washington DC 2005
CO₂ Capture Project
Overview of CO₂ Capture Project storage, monitoring and verification (SMV) work program presented at the CCP2 NGO Focus Group Meeting in Washington DC November 2005.
(375 kb) Download |
June, 2004
CCP PHASE 1 - Storage Monitoring and Verification Results Workshop
Vito Caruso, Eni E&P, in co-operation with Scott W. Imbus, ChevronTexaco, and Charles A. Christopher, BP Americas
An overview of the results of the CCP work program on storage, monitoring and verification (SMV) presented in Brussels June 2004. Covers: Integrity – Competence of Natural and Engineered Systems, Optimization – Economic Offsets, Efficiency, Transportation; Monitoring–Performance and Leak Detection; Risk Assessment – Probability x Consequences, FEPs, Methodologies, Modeling, Mitigation / Remediation.
(1.88 Mb) Download |
October, 2003
The Sleipner & SACS experience
Bjorn Berger, Trude Sundset, Tore Torp
Geological Storage Case History. A report on the Sleipner experience with geological storage of CO₂ in the Utsira formation (saline aquifer) offshore Norway. The report summarizes the Sleipner Aquifer CO₂ Storage (SACS) project, which studies the impact of CO₂ injection and tracks the disposition of the CO₂ after injection.
(1.46 Mb) Download |
October, 2003
Long-Term Sealing Integrity of Wells
Ider Akervoll, Erik Lindeberg, Sjur Moe, SINTEF Petroleum Research
Geological Storage. A study by SINTEF of the long-term sealing capacity of wells drilled into geological storage systems. Two files are available, the presentation and a long-term computer simulation.
(1.45 Mb) Download |
October, 2003
Long-Term Sealing Integrity of Wells - computer simulation
Idar Akervoll, Erik Lindeberg, Sjur Moe, SINTEF Petroleum Research
Geological Storage. A study by SINTEF of the long-term sealing capacity of wells drilled into geological storage systems. Two files are available, the presentation and a long-term computer simulation.
(721 kb) Download |
October, 2003
Gas Storage Technology Applicability to CO₂ Sequestration
Kent F. Perry, Gas Technology Institute
Geological Storage. A report by Kent Perry of the Gas Technology Institute into lessons to be learned from the gas storage industry that could be applied to the geological storage of CO₂.
(527 kb) Download |
October, 2003
CO₂ Next Generation Capture and Storage (NGCAS) - Project Summary Q3 2003
Mike Saunders, BP
Geological Storage. A report by Mike Saunders of BP on the European Union’s Next Generation Capture and Storage (NGCAS) project. The project assessed the potential for geological storage of CO₂ around central Scotland.
(2.37 Mb) Download |
October, 2003
Risk Assessment and Remediation Options for Geologic Storage of CO₂
Sally M. Benson, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Geological Storage Risk Assessment. This study by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, USA reports lessons learned from natural gas analogs to the geological storage of CO₂ and highlights a probabilistic methodology that could be used for risk assessment. The report recommends options for risk management, mitigation and remediation.
(1.5 Mb) Download |
January, 2003
Health, Safety, and Environmental Risk Assessment for Leakage of CO₂ from Deep Geologic Storage Sites
Prepared by LBNL, on behalf of the CCP
This project was carried out by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and was co-funded by the US Department of Energy. The project developed a coupled framework for HSE risk assessment for geological storage of CO₂. The framework will couple:
(i) geological description of the reservoir, caprock and shallower formations
(ii) simulation of subsurface CO₂ migration
(iii) CO₂ dispersion over the ground surface and into buildings
(iv) expesures to human and ecological receptors
(v) risk characterization
This framework can be used to assess the risks to plants, humans and other animals, of various leakage and seepage scenarios. Such a risk assessment would normally be carried out prior to the development of a sequenstration project. The project was completed at the end of 2003. This report is an interim report dated January 2003.
(151 kb) Download |
December, 2002
Long-term CO₂ Storage Using Petroleum Industry Experience
Reid B. Grigg, New Mexico Petroleum Recovery Research Center
This project by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology studies over 135 reservoirs in the USA into which CO₂ is either being injected, has been injected or will be injected.
The petroleum industry has been injecting CO₂ into geologic formations for about fifty years. Currently, about 2 billion standard cubic feet per day (BCFD) of CO₂ is being injected into geologic formations for the purpose of improving oil recovery (IOR). Though most of the injected CO₂ remains in an oil reservoir, the majority of the floods cannot be considered sequestration/storage projects because the CO₂ source is another geologic formation. However, there are a number of floods, for which the CO₂ source is an industrial by-product. These projects have the capacity to supply over 0.5 BCFD (11 million tons per year).
There is significant experience and knowledge in the industry to separate, compress, transport, inject, and process the quantities of CO₂ that are envisioned for CO₂ sequestration/storage. Improvements will occur as incentives, time and fluid volumes increase. The most important requirement is the provision of incentives to sequester CO₂.
In the short time frame that CO₂ has been injected into geological formations, seals are maintaining their integrity and retaining CO₂ in place. Proven seals perform as expected in retaining CO₂. Monitoring of CO₂ flow in geological formations is critical to verification of sequestration, but technical development is in its infancy.
(1.17 Mb) Download |
October, 2002
Corrosion in high pressure CO₂ - Equipment for corrosion studies and water solubility measurements
Institute for Energy Technology, Norway
This project was carried out by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) in Norway and is co-funded by Norway's Klimatek agency. The objective was to establish a basis for materials selection for CO₂ capture, compression, transportation and injection. This project will be closely coordinated with the CCP Transporation project run by SINTEF and Reinertsen Engineering (SINTEF/Rinertsen project). The sub-goals will be:
To quantify the amount of water that can be dissolved in CO₂-NGL (Max 5%) - mixtures at 50-500 bara and temperatures up to 30°C. The effect of trace elements from the separation process will also be addressed.
To deliver the data needed by the SINTEF/Reinertsen project in the development of the tool (nomogram) to be used for cost effective development of CO₂ transportation systems.
To determine the corrosion rate of carbon, 13%-chormium, and duplex steels in liquid/supercritical CO₂ as function of water content, temperature and pressure and to clarify if it is possible to extend the use of carbon steels with corrosion inhibitors.
Phase 1 of the project was completed in October 2002. This is the Phase 1 report.
(374 kb) Download |
September, 2002
Lessons Learned from Natural and Industrial Analogues for Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Geological Formations
Sally Benson et al, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lessons Learned from Natural and Industrial Analogues for Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Geological Formations presented at the CCP Focus Group meeting for Non-Governmental Organizations in Washington DC, September 2002.
(1.33 Mb) Download |
September, 2002
CO₂ Geologic Storage - the DoE R&D Perspective 2002
David Beecy, Office of Environmental Systems, US DoE
CO₂ Geologic Storage - the DoE R&D Perspective presented at the CCP Focus Group meeting for Non-Governmental Organizations in Washington DC, September 2002.
(1.79 Mb) Download |
September, 2002
Storage, Monitoring and Verification Plan to End - CCP NGO Focus Group meeting, Washington DC, 2002
Charles Christopher
Storage, Monitoring and Verification Plan to End presented at the CCP Focus Group meeting for Non-Governmental Organizations in Washington DC, September 2002. Includes details of 30 SMV projects funded at the time.
(740 kb) Download |
September, 2002
Storage, Monitoring and Verification Project Overview - CCP NGO Focus Group meeting, Washington DC, 2002
Charles Christopher
Storage, Monitoring and Verification Project Overview - presented at the CCP Focus Group meeting for Non-Governmental Organizations in Washington DC, September 2002.
(801 kb) Download |
September, 2002
The IEA Weyburn CO₂ Monitoring and Storage Project
Roland Moberg
The IEA Weyburn CO₂ Monitoring and Storage Project presented at the CCP Focus Group meeting for Non-Governmental Organizations in Washington DC, September 2002.
(515 kb) Download |
September, 2002
CO₂ Storage, the Long-term View (2002)
Robert H. Socolow, Princeton University
CO₂ Storage, the Long-term View presented at the CCP Focus Group meeting for Non-Governmental Organizations in Washington DC, September 2002.
(706 kb) Download |
February, 2002
Atmospheric CO₂ Monitoring Systems - A Critical Review of Available Techniques and Technology Gaps
Patrick J. Shuler, Yongchun Tang
This report was completed in February 2002 by Tang & Associates at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). It reviews existing methods of CO₂ detection (from portable personal detectors to remote satellite sensing). The report recommends technologies which could be developed to provide long-term, cost-effective monitoring of atmospheric CO₂.
(172 kb) Download |
December, 2001
Legal Aspects of Underground CO₂ Storage - Summary of developments under the London Convention and North Sea Conference
R. Douglas Brubaker & Atle C. Christiansen, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute
The Fridjtof Nansen Institute is an independent foundation engaged in research on internationsl environmental energy and resource management politics, based in Lysaker, Norway. This study was co-funded by the Norwegian Government's Klimatek Agency, through their Norcap Program. The study highlights the lack of clear distinction between geologic (under-ground) and ocean (under-sea) storage of CO₂ from the three appropriate institutions, namely:
1. The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)
2. The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR)
3. The North Sea Conference.
The study also points to the different views of the State Parties regarding classification of CO₂. At present the three mentioned institutions appear to have a "wait-and-see" approach"
A Review of Atmospheric CO₂ Monitoring Systems by the California Institute of Technology
This report was completed in February 2002 by Tang & Associates at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). It reviews existing methods of CO₂ detection (from portable personal detectors to remote satellite sensing). The report recommends technologies which could be developed to provide long-term, cost-effective monitoring of atmospheric CO₂.
(71 kb) Download |
November, 2001
Building the SMV Family of Technology Providers - Workshop, Potsdam, 2001
CO₂ Capture Project Storage, Monitoring & Verification Team
Summary of the Storage, Monitoring and Verification Team program review workshop for all technology providers and co-funders in Potsdam, the Netherlands, November 2001.
(474 kb) Download |
January, 2000
Geologic Storage of CO₂: Lessons Learned
Sally Benson et al, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
This report was completed by the Earth Sciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, USA. It is a large and comprehensive study of existing, published data.
The study gathers and interprets relevant information on assessing, managing and mitigating risks associated with the deep geologic storage of CO₂. The study highlights a number of similar activities (geologic gas storage etc) as well as naturally occurring analogs (volcanic activity and geologic hydrocarbon reservoirs) for the deep geologic storage of CO₂. Lessons learned are described, and the report recommends further work in the areas of risk assessment, management and mitigation.
(12.84 Mb) Download |
